List of Articles Grounded Theory

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  1 - Analyzing the barriers of rural tourism development (Case study: Fash Village Kangavar city, Kermanshah province)
       
  Rural tourism is considered as an employment factor and income generator that can be an important solution for social and economic development of rural communities as well as protecting the rural culture and environment. The first step in the development of rural touris More

  Rural tourism is considered as an employment factor and income generator that can be an important solution for social and economic development of rural communities as well as protecting the rural culture and environment. The first step in the development of rural tourism is to identify its barriers and challenges. This study will analyze the barriers and challenges of rural tourism, through a qualitative paradigm and a grounded theory, also analysis of variance (ANOVA) was explored in the case study, the village of Fash from Kangavar. Data collection was conducted through, in-depth interviews, direct observations and desk research. The validity of this research was confirmed by experts and specialists such as university professors, experts and managers in Iranin Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHTO). By using MaxQDA, as a valuable qualitative analyzing software, themes, percentage and frequency of codes were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the main barriers of rural tourism development are: economic problems, socio-cultural problems, managerial-infrastructural problems and informational and publicity problems. Analyze of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests revealed that, from villagers’ point of view, the managerial-infrastructural problem has a higher impact whereas experts considered the same range of impact for informational and publicity problems as a barrier for rural tourism development. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Developing a Green Supply Chain Model for Improving the Sustainable Development of the Environment Using a Grounded-Theory-based Qualitative Approach
  Zahra Delshad Mozhdeh Rabbani Hasan Dehghan Dehnavi
  10.61186/journalitor.35814.12.25.73
  As one of the top ten industries in the world, tourism plays an important role in the economic cycle, contributing significantly to revenue generation and currency earning. Therefore, this study sought to identify and develop a conceptual model for managing the green su More

  As one of the top ten industries in the world, tourism plays an important role in the economic cycle, contributing significantly to revenue generation and currency earning. Therefore, this study sought to identify and develop a conceptual model for managing the green supply chain in the tourism industry of Fars province using the grounded theory-based qualitative approach. To this end, the required data were collected through document analysis and interviews with 20 experts who were selected via the snowball sampling method. Moreover, the validity of the study was examined and confirmed by the interviewees and the expert professors. Finally, the collected data were coded through the open coding, axial coding, and selective coding methods and analyzed via the continuous comparison method, based on which the qualitative model of the study was designed. Accordingly, 120 open codes were extracted from the transcribed version of the interviews, which were then organized in terms of 21 axial codes via MAXQDA software, including causal conditions (green processes, customers and other external institutions, green innovation), contextual conditions (driving forces involved in green materials supply, implementation of the waste management system, financial thoughts, and the organization’s costs), intervening conditions (environmental management approaches, green supply chain risks, green suppliers' capabilities, human resources management), phenomenon-based conditions (the improvement of environmental performance, economic factors, operational performance), strategies (management, technology, economics, policy-making), outcomes (green supply chain enablers, credit enhancement, institutionalization of technology equipment and technical knowledge, energy management and optimization). Manuscript profile
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  3 - Developing a Model for the Destination’s Brand Identity Using Grounded Theory
  hadi asghari Hamed Bakhshi Mozghan Azimihashemi Mohammad Hossein   Imani khoshkho
  10.52547/journalitor.36116.10.20.101
  Establishing a brand identity for tourism destinations may help ease the problems caused by the intangibility of tourism products and increase the concerted efforts of tourism service providers, ensuring stability in markets and facilitating the process of market segmen More

  Establishing a brand identity for tourism destinations may help ease the problems caused by the intangibility of tourism products and increase the concerted efforts of tourism service providers, ensuring stability in markets and facilitating the process of market segmentation. Therefore, considering the necessity for more attention to the destination’s brand identity due to increased competition within the tourism industry, this qualitative study sought to develop a model for establishing a brand identity for Mashhad city using the grounded theory method. To this end, some twelve managers, professors, and researchers working in the field of brand and tourism in Mashhad were selected to participate in detailed semi-structured interviews using purposive sampling. Then, the collected data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding. The study’s findings indicated the positive role of personal factors such as awareness of the destination’s brand or the tourists’ behavioral intentions in developing the brand identity of tourist destinations, which in turn influence the relevant strategies. In other words, such factors help the official select appropriate distinct marketing or development strategies, bringing about a variety of outcomes, including socio-economic development. Moreover, it could be argued that the strategies are set on the grounds of participation development in which the destination’s brand identity is formed. However, intervening factors such as micro and macro environmental factors should also be taken into account in this regard. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Investigating the Factors Involved in Tourism Intercultural Communication among Tourists: A Case Study of Hamadan City, Iran
  Golnoush jabbari Nader Jafari haftkhani
  10.61186/journalitor.36149.12.25.129
  In today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning sta More

  In today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning stages of tourism development projects. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the factors that influence intercultural communication in tourism using a grounded theory approach. To this end, the required data were collected through detailed semi-structured interviews with fifteen experts and professionals in the tourism industry of Hamedan City who were selected via snowball sampling. The collected data were then analyzed, and the results were organized under six main categories with twenty-six sub-categories. Finally, the theoretical model of the study was developed using the Atlas-Ti software. Accordingly, the main six categories of the model included personal characteristics, socio-cultural characteristics, education, producing materials and creating knowledge on intercultural issues in tourism, management and planning, the health and safety of the environment, and media and information technology in intercultural tourism communication. The results of this study propose an integrated approach for tourism managers and entrepreneurs so that they can develop a high level of intercultural communication and competence for tourists. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Designing Entrepreneurship Development Model for cultural tourism in Yazd, the World Heritage City
  Mehdi Basouli seyed saeed hashemi Mohammad Hossein   Imani khoshkho Seysd habib o allah  mirghafouri
  10.52547/journalitor.36160.9.18.0
  "Due to its very nature, tourism enjoys proper grounds for entrepreneurship development. There are limited studies on the development of entrepreneurship in tourism. Among the growing areas of tourism, ‘Cultural Tourism’ could be referred to as a demanding preference fo More

  "Due to its very nature, tourism enjoys proper grounds for entrepreneurship development. There are limited studies on the development of entrepreneurship in tourism. Among the growing areas of tourism, ‘Cultural Tourism’ could be referred to as a demanding preference for development in areas with the potentials for growth. This study sought to provide a model for entrepreneurship development in cultural tourism using Grounded theory. To this end, some eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the required data, out of which and 367 primary codes, 97 secondary codes, 44 concept codes were extracted and classified into ten distinct categories. The study’s population consisted of university instructors and lecturers, experts working in state-owned tourism institutions, the owners of active businesses in Yazd cultural tourism, and the professionals within the field who were selected through ‘theoretical sampling.’ Moreover, the sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation. The study’s results found via the application of the ‘three-pronged model’ indicated that factors involved in the development of cultural tourism entrepreneurship could be categorized in three general categories of ‘structural factors,’ grounds and ‘environmental conditions, and ‘behavioral factors,’ each including their own relevant components and indices. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Identifying and Prioritizing Development Steps of Cultural Tourism in Lorestan Province Rural Areas
  zeinab asadporiyan yaser mohamadi mehdi rahimian
  10.52547/journalitor.36166.9.18.0
  This study sought to identify and prioritize the development steps of cultural tourism in rural areas of Lorestan province using the qualitative-quantitative method and exploratory approach. To this end, at the first stage, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted w More

  This study sought to identify and prioritize the development steps of cultural tourism in rural areas of Lorestan province using the qualitative-quantitative method and exploratory approach. To this end, at the first stage, 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with cultural tourism experts to identify the steps involved in cultural tourism development, out of which thirty-three solutions were identified in four main steps via open, axial, and selective coding. At the second stage, the Delphi-Fuzzy technique was applied in two stages to reach a consensus among the experts and prioritize cultural tourism development steps through the defuzzification process. The results showed that the identified strategies for cultural tourism development in Lorestan province could be categorized into four main steps: "Education and Innovation," "Physical Infrastructure," "Supportive-Institutional," and "Cultural-Advertising." Moreover, since the defuzzificated mean difference of the experts' opinion was less than 0.25 in two steps, all the identified solutions were proved to be valid. The results also indicated that the first and foremost step in tourism development was "education and innovation," followed by physical infrastructure, supportive-institutional, and cultural-promotional steps, respectively. Furthermore, at each step, the most important solutions were found to be advertising for tourism villages, identifying villages with tourism potentials, providing banking facilities for villagers to help them develop tourism, and building cultural elements and particular architectures in rural areas, respectively. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Designing a Model for The Development of Rural Entrepreneurship Ecosystem with Emphasis on Ecotourism Resorts in Tourist Villages of Khorasan Razavi Province
  Javad Sakhdari Jahangir Yadolahi farsi Malihe Shahriary
  10.52547/journalitor.36239.11.21.169
  Developing the rural entrepreneurship ecosystem could be considered an appropriate strategy to accelerate the development of rural areas and increase job opportunities. On the other hand, applying entrepreneurship to Iran’s ecotourism and rural tourism is considered a s More

  Developing the rural entrepreneurship ecosystem could be considered an appropriate strategy to accelerate the development of rural areas and increase job opportunities. On the other hand, applying entrepreneurship to Iran’s ecotourism and rural tourism is considered a supplement to agricultural activities to create favorable living conditions for the villagers and resolve the challenges existing in rural development. Therefore, this study sought to present a model for developing the rural entrepreneurship ecosystem in target tourism villages of Khorasan Razavi province using a qualitative research method with an applied descriptive-survey approach. To this end, the required data were collected via semi-structured interviews made with fifteen managers and board members of eco-tourist resorts. The data were then analyzed using the Grounded Theory method. Moreover, the validity and reliability of the model were measured via the Kappa index and confirmed by two researchers in the field of tourism and a few university professors. The study’s results suggested that the development of the ecosystem requires the decision maker to consider five aspects, including strategic orientation and effective leadership, identify appropriate sites’ locations, monitor the ecosystem’s development and provide its improvement mechanisms, set the demand-side policies, supply-side policies, and twelve sub-factors. Therefore, it could be argued that the proposed model may provide valuable insights for the development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem in rural areas with an emphasis on ecotourism opportunities. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Developing a Qualitative Model for Integrated Marketing Communication in Travel Agencies
  ali mirtaheri abdollah  Naami Alireza Rousta
  10.52547/journalitor.36269.10.19.0
  In today's competitive environment, companies have to use a variety of new communication methods to maintain profitable relationships with their customers. Therefore, this cross-sectional study which was based on the principles of interpretivism (social constructivism), More

  In today's competitive environment, companies have to use a variety of new communication methods to maintain profitable relationships with their customers. Therefore, this cross-sectional study which was based on the principles of interpretivism (social constructivism), sought to develop a paradigm model for integrated marketing communication in travel agencies and tourism offices using grounded theory. The study period lasted from the beginning of 2020 to June 2020 and used interviews for collecting the required data. To this end, 12 detailed non-structured interviews were conducted on scientific-practical experts, including job experts in the tourism industry and university professors using the judgmental method. The collected data were then divided into fifty-two primary codes, fifteen sub-categories, and six core categories according to the open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software. The study's results indicated that integrated marketing communications in travel agencies were derived from integrated analysis (causal conditions) and were influenced by contextual requirements (technical-individual), being able to produce the required outputs (purchasing, repurchasing, and creating the integrated marketing communications' recommended value in the travel and tourism industry) for realizing the central phenomenon if suitable strategies are adopted (aligning hardware and software tools in terms of optimal use of advertisement's mixed communication tools). Moreover, the intervening factors were determined by identifying environmental conditions-related categories using the textual data collected from the interviewees. Finally, the selected coding was performed according to the definition of the five assumptions obtained. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Developing A Trust-based Organizational Health Model for the Iranian Aviation Industry
  Gholam Hosein  Torabian Badi Iraj  Soltani Hamid  Davazdah Emami
  10.61186/journalitor.37481.11.23.209
  Organizations are considered living entities whose character and identities, either healthy or unhealthy, are quite independent of their members. In this regard, it could be argued that a healthy organization can act efficiently to attract the citizens’ satisfaction, th More

  Organizations are considered living entities whose character and identities, either healthy or unhealthy, are quite independent of their members. In this regard, it could be argued that a healthy organization can act efficiently to attract the citizens’ satisfaction, thus developing social trust. On the other hand, the Aviation Industry consists of companies and organizations, playing a pivotal role in the economic, social, cultural, technological, and developmental programs in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, the organizational health of this industry can increase the citizens’ social trust. Accordingly, this applied-developmental qualitative study sought to present a model of social trust-based organizational health to be used in Iran’s Aviation Industry using a grounded theory method. The required data were collected via semi-structured interviews made with twenty experts. The collected data were then analyzed using the NVivo software, according to which 218 open and 32 axial codes were extracted through open coding. The findings of the study suggested that factors related to service quality, customers (the passengers), the Aviation Industry, and staff and managers (human resources) were among the causal conditions. Furthermore, the background conditions involved in the organizational health of the Aviation industry were the status of the managers, staff, airports, aviation fleet, and the industry. Moreover, the intervening conditions identified in this regard included political, economic, technological, social, and legal factors. On the other hand, the study found that strategies such as promoting strategic thinking, improving communications, increasing technological utilization, and improving organizational structure could help enhance the organizational health of the Aviation Industry. Finally, the outcomes of such an enhancement could affect customers (passengers), the Aviation Industry, the staff, and the managers (human resources). Manuscript profile